[English]"Infinitive with to" and "Infinitive without to"

"Infinitive with to" and "Infinitive without to"
I. Infinitive with to - Động từ nguyên thể có to:

Verb + to do :

Chúng ta có thể dùng động từ nguyên thể có to sau các động từ:

- Offer: tặng, đề nghị
- Decide: quyết định
- Hope: hi vọng
- Deserve: xứng đáng
- Attempt: toan tính
- Promise: hứa hẹn
- Intend: dự định
- Agree: Đồng ý
- Plan: Dự định/ lên kế hoạch
- Aim: Nhằm mục đích
- Afford: cố gắng
- Manage: xoay sở
- Threaten: Đe dọa
- Forget: quên
- Refuse: từ chối
- Arrange: sắp đặt
- Learn: học
- Need: cần
- Fail: thất bại
- Mean: có nghĩa là
- Seem: dường như
- Appear: Có vẻ
- Tend: có khuynh hướng
- Pretend: giả vờ
- Claim: khẳng định

Ex : It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.( Lúc đó đã trễ, nên chúng tôi quyết định đi taxi về nhà ).
David was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to lend him some money.( David đang gặp khó khăn, nên tôi đồng ý cho anh ý vay tiền ).

Ở thể phủ định - negative thêm not vào trước to infinitive:

Ex: We decided not to go out because of the weather.( Chúng tôi đã quyết định không đi chơi vì thời tiết xấu ).

I promised not to be late.( Tôi đã hứa sẽ không về trễ ).

Với nhiều động từ, bình thường chúng ta không thể dùng động từ nguyên thể có to, vd như: enjoy, think, suggest,...

Ex: I enjoy dancing. ( not: enjoy to dance )
Sam suggest going to the movies. ( not: suggest to do )
Are you thinking of buying a car? ( not: thinking to buy )

Ta nói: decide to do sth, promise to do sth. Tương tự, ta nói:
A decision to do sth, a promise to do sth (noun + to).

Ex: I think his decision to quit his job was foolish. (Tôi cho rằng quyết định bỏ việc của anh ấy là ngu xuẩn)
John has a tendency to talk too much. (John có khuynh hướng nói quá nhiều)

Sau dare bạn có thể dùng động từ nguyên thể có to hoặc không có to:
Ex: I wouldn't dare to tell him or I wouldn't dare tell him. (Tôi chẳng dám nói với anh ý đâu)

Sau các Động từ dưới đây, bạn có thể dùng 1 từ để hỏi (What/Whether/How,etc) + to:Ask: hỏi, yêu cầu

- Forget: quên
- Understand: hiểu
- Decide: quyết định
- Explain: giải thích
- Wonder: thắc mắc
- Know: biết
- Learn: học
- Remember: nhớ

Ex: We asked how to get to the station. (Chúng tôi đã hỏi đường đi đến nhà ga)
Have you decided where to go for your vacation? (Bạn đã quyết định đi nghỉ ở đâu chưa?)
I don't know whether to apply for the job or not. (Tôi không biết có nên nộp đơn xin việc không)
Do you understand what to do? (Bạn có hiểu phải làm gì không?)
Tương tự: show/tell/ask/advise/teach somebody what/how/where to do something:

Ex: Can someone show me how to change the film in this camera? (Có ai có thể chỉ cho tôi cách thay phim cho chiếc máy ảnh này?)
Ask Jeff. He'll tell you what to do. (Hayx hỏi Jeff. Anh ấy sẽ nói cho bạn biết phải làm gì)

To be continued...

The Infinitive with to :

- After: the first, the last, the next
Ex: + Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.
+ Peter was the last to watch the film.
+ He is the next to get his passport.

- After: Adjective
Ex: + I'm happy to be here.
+ It's better not to smoke.

- After: certain verbs
(agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret, want, …)
Ex: I learn to drive a car

- After: question words ( how, where, what,...)
Ex: + I don't know what to say.
+ Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

- After: want/ wound like
Ex: + I want you to help me.
+ Woud you like to go to the zoo?

- verb + object + to-infinitive
Ex: I helped my dad to clean the car.

The Infinitive without to

- After: auxiliaries/ modal verb: can, could, may, might, must, mustn't, needn't, shall, should, will, would,...
Ex: + He can run very fast.
+ As a boy he could run very fast.
+ I may fly to Africa this summer.
+ I might fly to Africa this summer.
+ I must go now.
+ You mustn't smoke here.
+ You needn't go.
+ We shall sing a song
+ We should sing a song.
+ She will cook a meal for his birthday.
+ She would cook a meal for his birthday.

- After: to do
Ex: I don't know.

- after the following expressions: had better, would rather, would sooner, why not, why should we, why should we not

Ex: + You had better clean up your room.
+ Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
+ I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
+ Why not ask your neighbour for help?
+ Why should we go by car?
+ Why should we not go by car?

- after verbs of perception + object (action has finished): feel, hear, notice, see, watch,...

Ex:+ She feels the rain fall on her face.
+ I heard Peter sing a song
+ Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
+ They saw him climb up the roof.
+ He watched the thieves steal a car.

- after let + object: let, let's ( let us )
Ex: + Sandy let her child go out alone.
+ Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
+ Let's go for a walk through the park.

- After make + object:
Ex: She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room.

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